Oracle Database Architecture

What is Oracle Database Architecture ?

It is a combination of Instance and Database.

What is Instance  ?

It is a combination of Memory Structure of SGA and Background processes. 

                       
SGA ( Shared Global Area) :  

* it is a memory area which can be shared by all the users of database.

* SGA has been build with fllowing components.


1. Shared Pool                   
                           This has been divided into subcomponents

    i.  Library Cache
    ii. Data Dictionary Cache

    i. Libray Cache:
                                 it contains sharable  parsed SQL and PL/SQL Statements.

    ii. Data Dictionary Cache: 
                                                   it contains Dictionary Information and a copy of Base tables,the data will be stored in the form of Rows,it is also called Row Cache.

2. DataBase Buffer Cache:

   It Stores a copy  of user Data or server process stores data before giving to  the user.

   LRU LIST :

                         The Data will be stored in the form of Blocks.

   WRITE LIST :

                         The Modified Blocks become Dirty will be ready to move in data files.

3. Log Buffer Cache:

                                     It Stores Redo Entries,Every single Automatic change happen in database it is called redo entry.


4. Large Pool:
                          it stores rman backup backup information

5. Java Pool:
                       it is used  for executeing or parsing  the java programs.

                                   
6. Stream Pool:

                            it is a Memory Area which will be used when  oracle streams is implemented.


PGA ( Private Global Area ):

                it is  a Memory Area when a user  statements  will be executed  and also sorting the statement will be performed in PGA.

  parameter of PGA :    PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET



User Process ?

it is a process which will be created on the client side when ever application is started.


Server Process ?

it is the process reside on server side which will do the work on the half of user process.


What are Oracle Background Processes ?

1. SMON
2. PMON
3. DBWR
4. LGWR
5. CKPT
6. ARCHn
7. MMON
8. MMAN
9. CTWR ........etc




1. SMON :

                    *  SMON will do instance recovery.it will be done in three steps,
                   
                         a. Write the committed transactions to datafiles
                         b. Open the DataBase for User Access.
                         c. Rollback the uncommitted transtractions


                    * SMON Collase the free space in table space.
                    * SMON will release the temporary segment onces the transactions is completed.
                    * SMON will  have 16 slave processes.


2. PMON :       
            
                  * PMON will authenticate the user by using Dictionary Information. 
                  * PMON will register the listener with the instance.
                  * PMON will release locks and resources when the session is abnormally terminated.
                  * PMON will restart death dispatches will are during instance recovery.

3. LGWR ; 

                  Lgwr writes from log Buffer Cache to redo logfiles.

                * when commit occurs.
                * every 3 seconds.
                * when 1 MB of redo is generated.
                * when 1/3 full of log Buffer Cache.
                * Before DBWR writes.

4. DBWR :

                 Dbwr  writes to Database Buffer Cache to Datafiles.
               
               * when   checkpoint occurs.
               * when table is droped. 
               * when tablespace is offline or read only or begin backup mode.
               * After log writer writes.

5.CKPT :

                   * Checkpoint process will update the controlfile and all data files header with the
                        latest SCN ( System Change Number ).

                   * Checkpoing process will be initiated by checkpoing event when ever a logswitch occurs


6. ARCHn;
           
                 it will generated the ofline archive logs when the database is archive mode.

7. MMON :
               
                 it will write the data from sysaux tablespace to AWR Report.

8. MMAN :
              
                    it allocate memory to the SGA components.
                    
9. RVWR :   
                   
                       it will writes the Flash logs to FRA Location.     

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